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Turkestan Oblast
Discharge of pollutants by enterprises - 2018-2019 Volume – wastewater discharge – 000 m3 1 Volume – pollutant discharge - kt 201 8 35 795 21,8 201 9 33 000 19,4 Monitoring of radioactive gamma contamination of the surface layer of the atmosphere in the oblast was carried out in the oblast; no exceedances were detected. Residential air pollution levels, Turkestan and Kentau - 2018-2019 City Turkestan Kentau 201 8 Elevated Elevated 201 9 Elevated Low Airquality monitoring was carried out in two oblast cities: Turkestan and Kentau. There were no cases of extremely elevated air pollution in the oblast. Primary pollutants in the oblast by volume, tons - 2018-2019 Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Suspended solid particulates Carbon monoxide 201 8 3 000 2 300 9 600 8 500 201 9 3 000 3 100 9 700 8 500 Bugun River Aksu River Keles River Badam River Arys River Katta Bugun River Syr Darya River Shardara Reservoir Class 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 5 Water quality class in water bodies of the region in 2019 Water quality controls within the oblast were conducted on 8 bodies of water: the Syr Darya, Keles, Badam, Arys, Aksu, Bugun, and Katta Bugun rivers, and the Shardara Reservoir. Description Suitable for all types of use. Highest rated. Suitable only for irrigation and industrial use. Extensive treatment methods are required for household use and as drinking water. Not recommended for recreation and tourism use. Suitable only in hydroelectric power generation, mining, and water transport. Not recommended for all other uses. Domestic wastewater discharge - 2018–2019 Volume – wastewater discharge – 000 m3 1 Volume – pollutant discharge - kt 201 8 17 500 10,2 201 9 17 800 10,4 There are 118 small rivers, 25 lakes and 30 reservoirs in the oblast, with the largest river the Syr Darya. The largest oblast reservoirs are the Shardaray, Koksarai, Bogenskoye, Koshkorganskoye. 2016 2017 2018 5,7 9,3 7,01 20,05 2019 Pollutant emissions, tons - 2018-2019 201 8 30 050 201 9 33 480 Cotton processors, the oil and gas sector, geological exploration and uranium mining enterprises, thermal power and construction comprise the principal sources of air pollution in the oblast. In the spring and autumn of 2018, Kazhydromet conducted its bi- annual subsoil collection and testing for heavy metal concentrations in the cities of Turkestan and Kentau. Soils tested from Turkestan revealed excesses of zinc and lead; soils from Kentau showed excesses of lead, copper, chromium, zinc and cadmium. Oblast forestland covers more than 3 million hectares, or 36% of the total oblast land area. Saxaul forest comprises the bulk of the forested territory. Generation of household waste in the oblast, tons - 2018-2019 201 9 137 950 201 8 128 081 Household waste sorting enterprises in the oblast include sorting: Shayakhmet Sarsen; Automelos, LLP; Big Dale, LLP; Sakhova; KazPromVtor LCP; Yntymak-2016, LLP; Darbishev; Service-Arys, LLP; FERRUM-LTD, LLP; and DELTA-MET, LLP. In 2020, 30.7% of oblast urban residences and 9.2% of rural residences were connected to centralized sewage systems. To address the issue, sewage treatment plants and sewage systems are planned for the cities of Arys, Saryagash, Lenger, Abai, Temirlan, Kazygurt, , and Chulakkurgan Myrzakent. Stationary sources of atmospheric emissions in the oblast, aggregate - 2018-2019 201 8 9 886 201 9 9 910 Registered motor vehicles in the oblast, aggregate, by type, thousands of units - 2018-2019 Type Freight transport Passenger automobiles Total 201 8 48,9 25,3 74,2 201 9 53,4 60,2 133,6 Since January 2020 , 48.9% of all residential settlements in the oblast and representing a population of 1,152,672 residents, have access to natural gas. Emergency and unauthorized wastewater discharges – 2018-2019 Volume – wastewater discharge – 000 m3 1 Volume – pollutant discharge - kt 201 8 1 215 32 201 9 406 9,7 The total oblast land area amounts to 11.6 million hectares Distribution of land by category, thousands of hectares - 2018–2019 Category Agricultural land Residential land Land zoned for industrial, transport, communications, defense, and other non-agricultural purposes Protected nature preserves Forestland Surface water lands Undesignated Reserve Land Lands under lease from the Republic of Uzbekistan 2018 4 114,3 785,6 99,7 430,9 3 010,3 133,4 3 035,4 0,9 2019 4 209,6 788 101,7 430,9 3 010,3 134,5 2 934,4 0,9 The region is rich in minerals including barite, coal, iron, polymetallic ores, bentonite, vermiculite, talc, limestone, granite, marble, gypsum, and quartz sand. The region ranks first in the volume of uranium mined and third in phosphorite and iron ore extraction in Kazakhstan. Land seizures for land-use and zoning violations, hectares by category - 2018-2019 2018 2019 Year Court cases filed Claims satisfied 225 364 Number Hectares 1 195,2 23 295,7 60 131 Number Hectares 356,9 17 438 Square 121 34 149 2 8,4 8,6 28 4 404 6 258 Name Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve Karatau Nature Reserve Sayram-Ugam National Park Akdaly Botanical Nature Reserve Zadarya Botanical Nature Reserve Zhambyl Botanical Nature Reserve Boraldai Nature Reserve Timur Botanical Nature Reserve Arys and Karaktau Protected Zones South Kazakhstan Protected Zone Specially protected natural areas and area, thousands of hectares 1700 plant species grow in the oblast of which 122 are included in the Kazakhstan Red List. 68 oblast plant species are found only in the Turkestan Oblast. There are 16 industrial enterprises and mines engaged in industrial uranium mining in the oblast. All enterprises are subject to inspection; in 2019 nine inspections conducted resulted in fines for violations issued in the amount of 1,628,625 Tenge. Samples tested, aggregate - 2018–2019 2018 2019 706 Samples taken Tests conducted 2 096 1 036 Samples taken Tests conducted 2 393 Stationary objects, including uranium mining operations, are routinely tested for levels of radioactivity. Dosimetric control data -2018-2019 2018 2019 7 308 57 702 37 250 1 916 190 24 - 8 671 17 982 132 131 151 Samples taken Exceedances Samples taken Exceedances In keeping with federal law, dosimetric monitoring is routinely conducted in the oblast at all residential, public, and industrial structures, construction sites, and all other sites and structures open or approved for public and private use. Sample type Exposure dose rate - residential zones Exposure dose rate - construction sites Exposure dose rate - residential and public structures Radon level in residential and public buildings Atmospheric radon level in workplaces Radon flux density in populated areas Radon flux density in construction sites Testing of X-Ray facilities Scrap metal inspection Individual dosimetric control of “Group A" personnel (employees in contact with technogenic sources of ionizing radiation) TOTAL - - - - - - - - - - - 16 797 120 602 61 035 3 757 562 200 654 12 472 12 918 1 222 230 219 495 - 29 - - - - - - 1 525 2018 2019 2020 (projected) 23 enterprises are involved in household waste collection and removal. Percentage of oblast residences with household waste removal service 81,2 91,2 95 GREEN Technology Industries, LLP opened a facility for the processing of plastics and PET waste in the industrial zone of Badam in the Ordabasy district. In the city of Turkestan, private proprietor Akmetov produces raw materials for plastic pipes, and proprietor Bulegenov sorts plastic, polyethylene and paper waste, processes them into plastic granules – and semi-raw materials for the manufacture of plastic pipes. Five solar power plants with a total capacity of 117 MW are planned for construction in the oblast; consideration is being given for the construction of a wind farm with a capacity of 100 MW in the Baidibek district, near the city of Turkestan. In 2014-2019, four hydroelectric power plants and two solar power plants with a capacity of 29 MW were launched in the region. Name Ryszhan Hydroelectric Station Mankent Hydroelectric Station Dostyk Hydroelectric Station Kenes Hydroelectric Station Akbai Solar Power Station Zhylga Solar Power Station Power 2 MW 2,5 MW 1 MW 2,5 MW 1 MW 20 MW Launch Year 2014 2017 2017 2019 2015 2019 District Saryagash Sayramsky Kazygurt Tolebiysky Sayramsky Saryagash Water levels at Lake Kyzylkol in the Suzak district have dropped by 7-8 meters in the last 15-20 years. To address the issue, a drainage system at the lake must be constructed and measures developed for sustainable exploitation of the lake. As part of the United Nations Development Program, grant programs are being considered to finance lake restoration measures. Air in the oblast is heavily polluted, particularly by vehicle emissions. To address the issue, local akimats pursue gasification projects in residential areas, converting public transportation fleets to natural gas; introduction of alternative sources of electricity and heating. Environmental safeguards cost to business enterprises ( ) billions of Tenge Air Water L and resources Biodiversity Waste Renewable energy sources Radiation Environmental issues
This interactive report was created by the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the support of the European Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, and Zoï Environment Network.