Swipe to right
Меню
Home
About this report
Topics
Air
Water
Land
Biodiversity
Agriculture
Transportation
Energy
Climate Change
Waste
The Regions (oblasts)
Nur-Sultan
Almaty
Akmola Oblast
Aktobe Oblast
Almaty Oblast
Atyrau Oblast
West Kazakhstan Oblast
Jambyl Oblast
Karaganda Oblast
Kostanay Oblast
Kyzylorda Oblast
Mangystau Oblast
Turkestan Oblast
Pavlodar Oblast
North Kazakhstan Oblast
East Kazakhstan Oblast
Shymkent
Baikonur Cosmodrome
Semipalatinsk Test Site
Ecological Policy
Full text of this report
Home
About this report
Topics
-- Air
-- Water
-- Land
-- Biodiversity
-- Agriculture
-- Transportation
-- Energy
-- Climate Change
-- Waste
The Regions (oblasts)
-- Nur-Sultan
-- Almaty
-- Akmola Oblast
-- Aktobe Oblast
-- Almaty Oblast
-- Atyrau Oblast
-- West Kazakhstan Oblast
-- Jambyl Oblast
-- Karaganda Oblast
-- Kostanay Oblast
-- Kyzylorda Oblast
-- Mangystau Oblast
-- Turkestan Oblast
-- Pavlodar Oblast
-- North Kazakhstan Oblast
-- East Kazakhstan Oblast
-- Shymkent
-- Baikonur Cosmodrome
-- Semipalatinsk Test Site
Ecological Policy
Full text of this report
Section navigation
As the world grows more populous so the need to feed that population increases. Producing higher harvest yields requires the use of fertilizers and
pesticides. Over the past 3 years in Kazakhstan we note a slight increase in their use, but not exceeding 13.5 tons annually. Yet even this level of use
poses a threat of pollution for surface and groundwater, and indirectly, to humans.
Agriculture
In 2019, grain crop yields increased by 1.3 quintals per hectare.
Wheat yield, quintals per hectare
In 2019, yields in Kostanay and Aktobe regions
were lower due to drought.
2017 =
12,4
2018 =
12,3
2019 =
10,1
Q
he
In 2019, more than 140 million head of cattle were vaccinated nationwide
against 17 highly virulent diseases. The vaccination program for 2018-
2019 was fulfilled - 100%.
Livestock - Kazakhstan - 2017–2019
2 415 700
6 764 200
16 000 000
193 100
40 000 000
815 100
2 623 700
7 137 900
16 400 000
202 200
44 500 000
802 700
2 826 000
7 437 600
16 900 000
214 800
42 500 000
822 200
2180 disposals of anthrax-infected
livestock were noted nationwide.
Mineral fertilizer usage - 2015–2019
Index
2015
Nitrogen
fertilizers
Phosphate
fertilizers
Potash
fertilizers
Total mineral
fertilizers
Mineral fertilizers
per unit
area
Areas treated with
mineral
fertilizers
% areas treated with
mineral fertilizers
of the total
planted area
91,5
33,1
2,5
127,1
6,0
1,5
6,9
2016
2017
2018
2019
Unit
Kilotons
Kilotons
Kilotons
Kilotons
Kg / hectare
Millions
of hectares
Percentage
80,1
31,5
2,3
113,8
5,3
1,7
7,6
108,6
50,3
3,7
162,6
7,4
2
9,2
81
38,3
1,3
120,9
5,5
2,3
10,5
54,5
29,4
1,7
86,5
3,9
2,7
12,2
Pesticide use in 2018–2019
Insecticides
(
)
tons
Fungicides
(
)
tons
Herbicides
(
)
tons
Plant growth
tons
regulators
(
)
Rodenticides
(
)
tons
Pesticides per
unit area
Kg / hectare
(
)
528,1
11 051
401,7
1 073
2018
0,6
4
455,8
11 344
31,5
1 276
2019
0,6
1,4
The condition of agricultural soils in Kazakhstan is deteriorating, with evidence of adverse effects on
soil fertility. Soils are broken down in the following chart by negative effect indicators for simpler
classification.
Percentage of agricultural land
distribution by reclamation groups
- 2018–2019
Soil reclamation group
Total farmland
Soil absent negative
indicators
Coarse, rocky soil
Saline soil
Solonetzic soil
Washout soil
Deflated soil
Wind and water eroded soil
Waterlogged soil
Wetland soil
Other
2018
2019
100
19,3
20,1
16,6
27
2,3
11,2
0,1
1,4
0,5
1,5
100
19,4
19,7
16,7
27,1
2,3
11,3
0,1
1,4
0,5
1,5
Insufficient measures to combat negative factors impacting soils result in soil
degradation. In 2019, more than 29 million hectares of Kazakhstan's arable land is in a
degraded state; an additional 60 million hectares of land are at high risk of
degradation.
Soils undergoing strong degradation are located in the sand massifs of the desert, semi-
arid and steppe zones of Kyzylkum, Muyunkum, Big and Little Barsyuk, and
Sary-
Ishikotrau.
Percentage of soil degradation
of agricultural land by region - 2019
Akmola
Aktobe
Almaty
Atyrau
East Kazakhstan
Jambyl
West Kazakhstan
Karaganda
Kyzylorda
Kostanai
Mangystau
Pavlodar
North Kazakhstan
Turkestan
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
40,2
36,4
34,4
28,2
26,1
14,7
11,6
11,6
9,8
5,5
4
2
,
4
,3
2,9
0,7
In 2018, in order to combat soil degradation, measures were taken including satellite
imaging of agricultural land; an assessment of agrotechnological approaches to
identify substandard land usage and non-compliance with agrotechnological
standards; and an assessment of crop yields.
In 2018, the United Nations Development Program in Kazakhstan
implemented the following projects:
"Support for the transition process to a “Green Economy”
model for Kazakhstan”. Outcomes within the framework of
this project include water-saving techniques which have
been introduced in two regions of the country.
“Supporting Sustainable Land Management in Steppe and
Semi-arid Zones through Integrated Territorial Planning and
Agro-environmental Incentives.”
Percentage of increase in agricultural production efficiency
- compared with 2012 levels
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
%
year
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
1,3
1,8
2,2
2,8
4
2
3,4
15
10
5
0
Agriculture is one cause of soil degradation. Monitoring efforts in 2019
identified over 29 million hectares of erosion-prone land. With nearly 60 million
hectares at risk of degradation, efforts must be made to arrest the process
before the land is rendered unsuitable for farming.
Organic fertilizer usage - 2015–2019
R
oughly 150 pests, > 70 types of
diseases, and 300 types of weeds are
harmful to crops, resulting in up to 15-
30% reductions in crop yield. Pesticides
of several types are applied for a range of
loss-prevention purposes: insecticides*,
fungicides**, herbicides***,
rodenticides****, growth regulators and
other preparations.
** Fungicides are chemicals used to control
harmful fungi.
* Insecticides are chemicals used to control
harmful insects.
****
Rodenticides are chemicals used to reduce
rodent populations.
***
Herbicides are chemicals used to control
weeds.
Organic
fertilizers
(
)
Kilotons
Organic fertilizers
per unit
area
(
)
Kg / hectare
Areas treated with
(
)
organic fertilizers
Millions of hectares
% of areas treated
with organic
fertilizers of the total planted area
(
)
Percentage
609,2
29
0,06
0,3
626,6
28,9
0,08
0,4
1375,9
63
0,12
0,5
633
28,9
0,1
0,5
619,5
28
0,1
0,4
In 2019, plant
protection measures which
often employ pesticides
were carried out on an area of
19,5
2,8
million hectares;
plant quarantine measures were
employed on an area of
thousand hectares.
This interactive report was created by the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the support of the European Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, and Zoï Environment Network.