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Aktobe Oblast
2016 2017 2018 2019 19,8 19,7 27,3 54,1 Five large enterprises located in the region are responsible for the highest emission of pollutants: CNPC – Aktobemunaigas JSC; Kazakhoil Aktobe LLP; Aktobe Ferroalloy Plant; and a branch of Kazchrome TNC, JSC; Donskoy Ore Mining and Processing Plant; Intergas Central Asia JSC; Aktobe UMG; Aktobe CHP JSC. Stationary sources of air pollution, aggregate - 2017–2019 2017 2018 2019 22 644 22 745 22 615 In 2019, just over 136,000 tons of pollutants were released into the air by enterprises in the region - 20% less than in 2017. The primary air pollutants: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, nitric oxide. Pollutant emissions from stationary sources - 2017–2019 Substance Sulfur dioxide Nitric oxides Suspended solid particulate Carbon monoxide 2017 26,1 13,9 20,2 47,5 201 8 28,4 14,6 21,9 42,3 201 9 24 15,6 22 38,2 Of total emissions in 2018, 16,000 tons were generated by flaring associated gas, in 2019 the amount was ~ 12,000 tons. 97% of emissions from the flaring of associated gas are produced by three companies: CNPC – Aktobemunaigas JSC, Kazakhoil Aktobe LLP, and Aman Munai LLP. In 2018, there were more than 187 thousand vehicles in the region, in 2019 - a little more than 180 thousand. Regional transport vehicles by fuel type - 2018-2019 Year 2018 2019 Total transport vehicles 187 464 180 330 Gasoline-powered 142 703 119 528 natural gas-powered transport 44 761 47 053 In 2018, 84,000 tons of pollutants entered the region's air from transport, and in 2019 - 81,000 tons. With a goal of reducing transport-generated hazardous substance emissions, fuel and lubricant quality control standards have been enhanced, roads have been widened and resurfaced, 64 traffic intersections are now monitored by an automated traffic control system, 23% of the all oblast transport has been converted to natural gas fuel, and numbers of EURO-4 certified new cars is increasing. Every year, trees are planted along roads; in 2019, more than 8,000 seedlings were planted on an area covering 215 hectares in the city of Aktobe. The regional department of ecology with assistance from oblast police are conducting spot vehicle emissions checks. In 2018, 931 cars were inspected, of which 70 exceeded allowable hazardous substances emission standards. In 2019, 314 cars were inspected of which 64 were in violation of emission standards. Air quality in the area is monitored at six fixed locations. 2018 and 2019 air pollution levels were high with average monthly concentrations of ozone in the surface atmosphere exceeding norms. 2019 saw 15 incidents of severe air pollution – mostly carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. In 2019, 35% of all residential areas were gasified – an effort that should reduce hazardous substance emissions. In 2018, the oblast had 6310 km of gas pipeline, the number increasing to 6720 km in 2019. Discharge of pollutants by enterprises - 2017–2019 Volume – wastewater discharge – 000 m3 1 Volume – pollutant discharge - kt 2018 57 519 1 5 2019 49 119 1 3 Domestic wastewater discharge - 2018–2019 Volume – wastewater discharge – 000 m3 1 Volume – pollutant discharge - kt 2018 17 896 4,6 2019 17 896 4,6 in 2019 - 15). Monitoring of oblast surface water pollution was conducted on12 bodies of water in 2018 & 2019. A total of 55 incidents of severe pollution were recorded - in 2018 – 40; Emergency and unauthorized wastewater discharges - 2019 Volume – wastewater discharge – 000 m3 1 Volume – pollutant discharge - kt 201 9 0,04 22,9 The total oblast land area in 2018 amounted to over 29,000 hectares; in 2019, ~ 30,000. Distribution of land by category – thousands of hectares - 2017–2019 Category Agricultural land Residential Land Land zoned for industrial and other non-agricultural purposes Protected nature preserves Forestland Surface water lands Undesignated Reserve area 2017 10 176 3 827 183 1 210 217 7 13 644 2018 10 500 3 838 188 1 211 217 7 13 316 2019 10 672 3 835 193 1 211 216 13 13 445 In 2019, 478,000 hectares of land were used by the Russian Federation. In 2018, regional m ining, construction and geological enterprise activities impacted 13,500 hectares of land of which, 1500 hectares were recultivated. In 2019, no recultivation projects were carried out but temporary land usage contracts for 291 plots covering a total area of 595,000 hectares were terminated for unauthorized exploitation. Regionwide in 2018-2019, 141 organizations were engaged in mining, excavating more than 6,500 thousand tons of raw materials over the two-year period. Volume of r aw materials mined, volume of overburden, and registered mining violations - 2018-2019 Index Mining companies - aggregate Mining violations on State land Extracted mineral ores, kt Volume of overburden, kt 2018 141 26 3 233 29 267 2019 141 21 3 383 29 088 35 mammal species and 80 bird species are eligible for commercial hunting. No commercial hunting was conducted in 2018 and 2019. The region is home to 62 species of mammals and 214 species of birds. Of these, 10 species of animals, 35 species of birds of the region are included in the Republic of Kazakhstan Red List. The region is home to two Saiga populations - Betpakdalin and Ustyurt. In 2018, nine incidents of poaching, illegal acquisition, storage, sale, import, export, shipment, and transportat of Saiga were recorded. To combat the poaching and illegal harvest of Saiga, a joint-activity plan was developed and finalized between the Irgiz-Turgai State Nature Preserve and the Okhotzooprom Regional LEA. There are 988,000 hectares of state forestland in the region, 53,000 hectares of land of the region are covered with forest. To increase the volume of forestland and enhance oblast air quality, greenzone reconstruction is occurring on the outskirts of Aktobe. In 2018, 67 bodies of water, and in 2019, 64 bodies of water were assigned to 47 environmental management concerns. Their work looks to correct harm caused to fisheries. In 2018 and 2019, the Yelek River was stocked with carp fry; over the two-year period, more than 2 million fry were released in local bodies of water. There are 100 bodies of water for use as fisheries in the region: 13 rivers and tributaries, 48 lakes, 8 reservoirs and 31 ponds. In 2018, 300 tons of fish were harvested, adding 7.5 million Tenge to the State budget; in 2019, 315 tons were caught. The volume of fish harvested was within imposed catch limits. To combat poaching on fisheries, in 2018, the Oblast Forest & Wildlife Inspectorate conducted 251 raids and 33 inspections resulting in citations issued for 159 violations. T he level of gamma radiation is monitored daily in the oblast at seven meteorological stations and two observation posts. At three weather stations, radioactive contamination of the surface layer of the atmosphere is monitored using five-day air sampling segments with no recorded exceedances - all indicators were within normal ranges. In 2018, 298,000 tons of household waste were generated in the region and deposited at 14 landfills. In 2019, there were 12 licensed landfills in the oblast, with a slight decrease in waste generated - 295,000 tons. Industrial waste generation - 2018–2019 (kt) Year 2018 2019 Total industrial waste 55 175 46 700 Mining waste 54 549 46 170 Chemical waste 446 354 Petroleum industry waste 180 176 In 2019, 11% of all waste was recycled and reutilized in the region; in 2018 - 14.6%. In 2019, Kazakhstan Gharysh Sapary JSC conducted satellite imaging which uncovered 747 illegal landfill sites. A cleanup schedule has been approved and 25 sites have been eliminated, so far. Environmental safeguards cost to business enterprises ( ) billions of Tenge Air Water Land resources Biodiversity Waste Renewable energy sources In 2018, renewable energy technologies were implemented in six projects in the region as well as three renewable energy sourcing projects. – construction by the ENI Group of the first wind power plant valued at 33 billion Tenge, construction began in December 2018; – commissioning of a wind power plant in the Martuk district (Zhelenergo LLP) valued at 88 million Tenge with a generating capacity of 450 kWh was begun in July 2019. Two major renewable energy development projects are being pursued: Nature preserves in the area include: In 2018, two new nature reserves were established: Martuk and Kobda. In 2019, the Lake Sanctuary was created with plans to establish, it is planned to create the Oiyl Sanctuary. – Turgai State Nature Reserve with an area of 296,000 hectares. – Irgiz-Turgai State Nature Reserve with an area of 764,000 hectares, home to 42 mammal species, 250 bird species, 4 species of amphibians, 14 species of reptiles, and 390 species of plants. Of these, 34 species are on the Red List.