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Jambyl Oblast
Air Water Land resources Biodiversity Waste Renewable energy sources Radiation Environmental issues 201 8 673 201 9 919 Oblast budget revenues from mining & other subsoil enterprise for regional socio-economic and capital infrastructure development – 2018-2019 – M Tenge Discharge of pollutants by enterprises - 2018–2019 Volume – wastewater discharge – 000 m3 1 Volume – pollutant discharge - kt 201 8 4 776,2 8,7 201 9 6 823 8,5 The total oblast land area is 14,427.5 thousand hectares. Category Agricultural land Residential land Land zoned for industrial, transport, communications, defense, and other non-agricultural purposes Protected nature preserves Forestland Surface water lands Undesignated Reserve land 2017 4 448,3 463,1 152,5 12 4 430,7 335,9 2 094,6 2018 4 589,2 467,2 173,1 11,6 4 430,7 338,8 1 926,5 2019 4 612,5 468,7 174,7 11,6 4 429 356,2 1 885,5 Measurements reveal that the average values of the gamma background, gamma emissions and radioactive fallout in both 2018 and 2019 were within normal limits. Monitoring of radioactive gamma contamination of the surface layer of the atmosphere in the oblast was carried out daily at three meteorological stations in the cities of Taraz, Tole Bi and Chiganak. Environmental safeguards cost to business enterprises ( ) billions of Tenge Pollutant emissions, thousand tons - 2017–2019 Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Suspended solid particulate Carbon monoxide 2017 2,2 5,4 13,5 5 201 8 2,9 4,7 12,9 5,6 201 9 3,4 6,7 13,3 6,5 In accordance with provisional guidelines, clean water is discharged into the Talas River from the Baturov Zhambyl Regional Hydroelectric Station, JSC, (RHES). For quality control purposes, the RHES lab does monthly monitoring, transmitting the data to the regional department of ecology. In 2018- 2019, no exceedances of allowable norms were detected. In 2018, seven incidents of elevated levels of water pollution were recorded in the region: six of the incidents were on Lake Bilikol and one on the Talas River. In 2019, nine cases of elevated pollution levels were recorded. Body of Water Shu River Sarykau River Berikkara, Aksu, Talas, Assa, Karabalta, and Toktash rivers; Lake Bilikol; the Tasotkel Reservoir Class 3 4 5 (non- standardized) Water quality – Surface bodies of Water in the Oblast - 2019 Water quality control monitoring is conducted at 10 bodies of water in the oblast: the Talas, Asa, Shu, Aksu, Karabalta, Toktash, Sarykau, and Berikkara rivers; Lake Bilikol; and the Tasotkel Reservoir. Domestic wastewater discharge - 2017–2019 Volume – wastewater discharge – 000 m3 1 Volume – pollutant discharge - kt 201 8 19 166,6 8 201 9 29 087,3 7,8 There are 242 small rivers, 35 lakes 3 large reservoirs, and 164 additional bodies of water of varying size. 201 5 2016 2017 2018 3,7 17 5,7 22 53 2019 Stationary sources of air pollution, thousand tons - 2017–2019 2017 51,9 201 8 52,05 201 9 55,8 Chemical processing, thermal power engineering, and the mining industry are the principal sources of air pollution in the oblast. No cases of elevated and extremely elevated pollution have been recorded. Air quality monitoring is carried out at five observation posts. In 2019, the air in the cities of Taraz, Shu, Karatau and in the village of Kordai showed elevated levels of pollution; Zhanatas showed low levels of pollution. In 2019, at a cost of over 12M Tenge, Kazphosphate, LLP and Zhambylgips, JSC developed measures aimed at reducing atmospheric pollutant emissions in Taraz. 6.1B Tenge were spent on oblast gasification projects in 2019; in 2018, over 500M Tenge. In 2020, expenditures of 6.6B Tenge from the State budget are earmarked for gasification projects, with an addition 1.3B Tenge designated for the Employment Roadmap program. % Oblast population with access to natural gas 201 8 48 201 9 50 In 2018, 6,500 vehicles in the oblast were refitted for natural gas. In 2018, 111 natural gas filling stations were operational in the oblast; in 2019 – 115. Heavy metal levels in the soil of Taraz, Karatau, Zhanatas and Shu are monitored. In 2019, in Taraz, an excess of lead concentration in the soil was recorded; there were no exceedances detected in the other cities. Primary subsoil use indicators 2018 2019 Year The region has significant mineral resources: non-ferrous metals, uranium, barite, coal, construction raw materials, mineral salts, groundwater. Volume - extracted mineral raw materials, millions of tons Volume - overburden - millions of m 3 Volume – Groundwater e m xtraction - millions of 3 365 359 4 4,3 24,1 23,2 Mineral use permits and contracts Solid mineral resources Common mineral resources View In 2019, 158 mining and other subsoil enterprises operated in the oblast; in 2018 there were 200. Field Studies Surveys Mining 37 13 5 0 186 166 Square 1 000 000 17 500 3 072 298 400 68 910 369 970 148 300 2 757 500 Names Andasay Nature Reserve Berikkara Gorge Nature Reserve Urochische Karakonyz Nature Reserve Umbet Nature Reserve Merke Nature Reserve Kordai-Zhaisan Nature Reserve Zhualy-Karashat Nature Reserve Jusandala Sanctuary Area of specially protected areas in 2018–2019, hectares There are seven State reserves and one sanctuary in the oblast In 2018, 115 bodies of water were open as fisheries; in 2019, 118. In 2018, 1221 tons of fish were caught in the oblast; in 2019, 1127 tons. Fishing returned over 19M Tenge to the oblast budget. 4M Tenge. In 2018, in an effort to limit violations of environmental legislation, 166 raids were conducted in which 388 violations were registered. In 2019, there were 1486 raids and inspections resulting in 393 registered violations and fines levied in excess of 201 7 ,9 74 201 9 80,9 The state is seeking investors to address the oblast's issue of waste recycling. In 2018-2020, plans include the construction of an industrial and household waste processing plant on a 20-hectare campus. Solid household waste generation – kilotons - 2017-2019 201 8 95,7 In 2018, 10.8 million tons of industrial waste were generated in the region; in 2019 - 13.3 million tons, of which over 2 million tons were processed. In Taraz, 14 enterprises are engaged in the collection and disposal of plastic and polyethylene waste, and 7 enterprises are engaged in the collection and removal of household waste. In 2019, 1793 tons of household waste were delivered to private enterprises for processing. In Taraz, in 2019, three types of waste containers were installed: 659 containers for plastics collection; 106 containers for mercury- containing waste and batteries; 3173 containers for household waste. In 2018, 349 spontaneous landfills were identified in oblast and 261 landfills were liquidated. In 2019, there were 346 unauthorized landfills in the oblast, of which 225 were liquidated. 121 landfills are yet to be liquidated. By 2025, it is planned to build four more renewable energy facilities with a total capacity of 133 MW: two hydroelectric power plants with a capacity of 23 MW and two wind power plants with a capacity of 110 MW. The water treatment facilities of the city of Taraz have been in operation since 1963 and are significantly overloaded, intaking more than 100,000 m3 of water per day. Its insufficient capacity has led to groundwater pollution, drinking water shortages in five nearby population centers, waterlogged agricultural land, and flooding in population centers. To address the issue, in 2019, a 17M tenge construction program for a new treatment facility was developed. For the last decade in the city of Taraz, over 11M tons of phosphogypsum have accumulated from the work of Kazphosphate LLP and Mineral Fertilizers LLP. An inspection by the oblast environmental department in 2019 revealed boundary violations for phosphogypsum storage. The issue remains open and unresolved. In the region, following the completion of the reclamation projects of the Western, Eastern and Kurdai mines, over 9M m3 of radioactive waste were buried. The territory where the waste was buried was not monitored until 2019—its fencing torn down and lacking any hazard signage. In 2019 the fencing was repaired and hazard signs were installed. The Jambyl Oblast ranks first in Kazakhstan in the use of renewable energy with 24% of oblast energy generated from renewable sources. Overall, there are 12 renewable energy facilities in the oblast with a total generation capacity of 268.7 MW.
This interactive report was created by the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the support of the European Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, and Zoï Environment Network.