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Air
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The Regions (oblasts)
Nur-Sultan
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Akmola Oblast
Aktobe Oblast
Almaty Oblast
Atyrau Oblast
West Kazakhstan Oblast
Jambyl Oblast
Karaganda Oblast
Kostanay Oblast
Kyzylorda Oblast
Mangystau Oblast
Turkestan Oblast
Pavlodar Oblast
North Kazakhstan Oblast
East Kazakhstan Oblast
Shymkent
Baikonur Cosmodrome
Semipalatinsk Test Site
Ecological Policy
Full text of this report
Home
About this report
Topics
-- Air
-- Water
-- Land
-- Biodiversity
-- Agriculture
-- Transportation
-- Energy
-- Climate Change
-- Waste
The Regions (oblasts)
-- Nur-Sultan
-- Almaty
-- Akmola Oblast
-- Aktobe Oblast
-- Almaty Oblast
-- Atyrau Oblast
-- West Kazakhstan Oblast
-- Jambyl Oblast
-- Karaganda Oblast
-- Kostanay Oblast
-- Kyzylorda Oblast
-- Mangystau Oblast
-- Turkestan Oblast
-- Pavlodar Oblast
-- North Kazakhstan Oblast
-- East Kazakhstan Oblast
-- Shymkent
-- Baikonur Cosmodrome
-- Semipalatinsk Test Site
Ecological Policy
Full text of this report
Kyzylorda Oblast
2016
2017
2018
3,1
4,6
4,3
34,5
Discharge of pollutants by enterprises - 2018–2019
2018
592
0,03
201
9
1 044
0,9
Therapeutic mud deposits are located in
two
salt lakes - Kupek and Teresken.
The largest oblast river is the Syr Darya,
flowing through the central part of the region,
southeast to northwest. In 1956, the
Kyzylorda Dam was built on the Syr Darya.
In the region, there are a number of salt
lakes that dry out in summer.
Domestic wastewater discharge in 2018–2019
201
8
13 824
12,4
201
9
10 421
5,2
The total oblast land area amounts to 24 million hectares.
Category
Agricultural land
Residential land
Land zoned for industrial, transport,
communications, defense, and other
non-agricultural purposes
Protected nature
preserves
Forestland
Surface water lands
Undesignated Reserve Land
2018
2 702
729
221
161
6 507
2 248
11 484
2019
2 702
838
253
161
,2
6 510
2 287
11 290
Distribution of land by category – thousands of hectares - 2018-2019
Monitoring of radioactive
gamma contamination of the
surface layer of the
atmosphere in the oblast was
carried out daily at two
meteorological stations – the
Aral Sea and Shieli – and at
three automated monitoring
posts gauging atmospheric air
pollution in Kyzylorda, Akay,
and Toretam. Measurements
reveal that the average values
of the gamma background,
gamma emissions and
radioactive fallout in both 2018
and 2019 were within normal
limits.
Primary pollutant emissions by volume,
kilotons - 2018–2019
Substance
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Suspended solid particulate
Carbon monoxide
201
8
2,3
4
4,2
9,9
201
9
2,1
4,9
3,8
9,1
2019
Many populated areas of the
oblast lack facilities for wastewater
treatment (filtration fields, storage
ponds, evaporator ponds),
producing a negative effect on the
environment. Unfortunately, the
issue remains unaddressed.
Oil and gas production, thermal power
production, construction and motor vehicle
exhaust are the principal sources of air pollution
in the region.
The volume of pollutants in
vehicle exhaust is
significant. In 2020, there
were 112,400 passenger
vehicles and 19,700 freight
hauling vehicles were
registered in the oblast.
Monitoring of water pollution levels in the oblast was carried out on two bodies of water:
the Syr Darya River and the Aral Sea.
Characteristic
Class
4
Water source
Water quality – Surface bodies of Water in the Oblast - 2019
Suitable only for irrigation and
industrial use. Extensive
treatment methods are required
for household use and as
drinking water. Not
recommended for recreation
and tourism use.
No incidents of extremely elevated levels of water pollution were detected in the oblast
in 2019.
Aral Sea
Syr Darya River
Emergency and unauthorized wastewater
discharges - 2019
2019
53 936
0,8
In 2019, oblast lands produced 5.6 million tons of oil – a reduction
of 13% compared to 2018. Production was reduced because of
field depletion. To encourage oil production increases in 2019,
industry producers invested 78.8 B Tenge in geological studies
resulting in a net reduction of expected 2019 losses of 300,000
tons. Further geological studies will continue for the next three
years.
Regional Subsoil Usage - 2018–2019
Total subsoil enterprises
Total enterprises e
ngaged
in common mineral exploration
and mining
201
8
115
63
2019
118
66
Barsakelmes Nature Reserve is the only one in Eurasia where the natural
ecosystems of both northern and middle subzonal areas of the Turan Plain
are under protection. The area is home to 585 onager, 125 saiga, and
135 gazelles.
Area
160 800 hectares
17 900 hectares
13 300 hectares
Name
Barsakelmes Nature Reserve
Torangylsai Nature Reserve (Zoological)
Kargaly Nature Reserve (Zoological)
Regional natural reserve territory in the oblast covers
a total area of more than 190,000 hectares.
Regional Nature Reserves
33.6 % of total oblast
forestland is covered by
saxaul.
The region is home to 27 species of
fish, over 40 species of mammals
and 300 species of birds, including
31 species of animals and birds on
the Kazakhstan Red List.
There are 145 household waste landfills in the
oblast, 10 of which are licensed. In 2019,
construction on a new landfill in Aralsk
commenced.
Solid household waste generation
and processing – kilotons - 2018-2019
2018
2019
147
122
7,4
14
Year
Volume of generated
waste, kilotons
Percentage of generated
waste sorted & recycled
In March 2018, four cases of extremely
elevated pollution of the Syrdar River
with DDT were recorded. Samples
were taken and analyzed every two
hours from contaminated locations; lab
results showed an excess of sulfates
present in the water, all other
substances with within normal ranges.
DDT monitoring continued at the river
for several months following the
incident with no further exceedances
detected.
Satellite imagery covering a 50-kilometer radius
around the city of Kyzylorda revealed the presence
of 228 spontaneous landfills of which 220 were
subsequently cleaned up.
Kazhydromet monitored air quality in the city of
Kyzylorda and the rural areas of Akay and
Toretam. Results from 2019 show an
improvement in air quality in the city of
Kyzylorde which showed a low level of air
pollution. Air pollution levels have remained
consistently low in settlements since 2016.
Periodic testing of air pollution levels in the
oblast with no exceedances of pollution
standards observed in either 2018 or 2019.
In 2018-2019, a
gasification projects were
implemented on the left
bank of the Syr Darya
River in the city of
Kyzylorda, and in the
industrial zone of the of the
town of Shieli.
In 2019, work began gasification projects for
three district centers - Zhosaly, Zhalagash, and
Terenozek – and for the town of Zhaksykylysh in
the Aral district. 3.2 billion Tenge were allocated
from State and Oblast budgets for the project.
Completion is projected for 2020.
Year
Gas production
Gas consumption
2018
1 050
619
2019
911
629
A project aimed at restoring the Aral Sea
environmental disaster zone was launched –
“P
hase Two of the regulation of the Syr Darya
River from the upper section of the Aral Sea
(RRSAM 2). This significant international
rehabilitation program was initiated by the World
Bank and a United Nations environmental
protection program under the UNDP.
In September 2019, a mass extinction of fish
occurred on Lake Tokpan sourced from
excessive levels of copper sulfates in the water
and severe oxygen deficits.
In 2019, eight canals were cleaned and repaired
to provide local populations with water for
irrigation and for the overall improvement of the
environmental situation in the region.
In 2019, over 700 hectares of distressed land
were recultivated in the oblast.
Excessive heavy metal concentrations in soil samples, mg/kg - 2019
Kyzylorda
Baikonur
Akbastar
Kulands
23,7
36,8
5
2,5
13,3
8,4
2,7
3
Sampling point
Lead
(MPC 32mg/kg)
5,3
0,5
0,1
0,1
Copper
(MPC 3 mg/kg)
Zinc
(MPC 23 mg/kg)
1,8
0,8
1,7
2
Chromium
(MPC 6 mg/kg)
Land seizures for
land-use and zoning violations,
received into State control,
hectares – 2018-2019
2018
2019
25 905
16 214
In 2019, in an effort to reduce soil
degradation of the Aral Sea basin, an
area of more than 18,000 hectares
underwent forest reclamation
projects.
Oblast fisheries, including the Small
Aral Sea and loc bodies of water
covered 379 000 hectares in 2019;
372 000 hectares in 2018. 10 lake-
based fish farms raising herbivorous
fish and carp are in operation in the
region.
State Budgetary Hunting & Fishing Receipts,
millions of Tenge – 2018-2019
2018
2019
150
140
In 2018, the oblast had a total of 38 designated
hunting regions covering 8 million hectares. In 2019,
there were 40 areas covering nine million hectares.
In August 2018, on the coast of the
Great Aral Sea, 70kilometers from the
village of Kulanda, there was a mass
extinction event of mute swans. To
determine the cause water and soil
samples were taken, and two swan
and one wild duck carcass was
retrieved for lab testing. Excessive
saline levels in water, soil and natural
migratory and habitation areas was
identified as the cause. The
phenomenon was further complicated
by molting swans' inability to migrate
to other feeding locations.
At oblast oil refineries - PetroKazakhstan
Kumkol Resources JSC and Turgai-
Petroleum JSC – naturally occurring
radionuclides and weak radioactive residue
adhere to equipment during the process of
subsurface water extraction. In the event of
incidents of excessive levels of radioactivity,
the contaminated equipment is dismantled
and removed to a temporary radioactive
waste storage facility for eventual transfer to
a radioactive waste disposal site.