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Shymkent
2018 5 4 , 6,6 2019 In 2018-2019, radiation level monitoring was carried out in Shymkent that included the testing of soil, water, construction materials, precipitation, air quality, residential and public buildings, plots of land and other sites. No exceedances were revealed. Monitoring of radioactive gamma contamination of the surface layer of the atmosphere carried out at the Shymkent meteorological station revealed all radiation levels within permissible norms. Stationary sources of air pollution, aggregate - 2018–2019 2019 5 447 2018 5 571 · Gasification of outlying residential areas of the city; · Introduction of automated emissions monitoring of large enterprises and online monitoring of city air quality. · Construction LNG filling stations for public transport; · Road reconstruction to increase traffic flow and construct bypass roads for freight and heavy trucks; The following steps are being taken to combat air pollution in the city: · Increase numbers of motor vehicles running on LNG and meeting Euro-5 emission standards; The Sayramsu, Koshkar-ata, Karasu, Aksu, and Badam (the largest) rivers run through Shymkent. The Badam Reservoir is the source of drinking water for the city. The Water Resources- Marketing company has installed three solar power plants and one biogas plant in Shymkent. The city's sewer system is outdated, and the bulk of the city has no access to central sewer lines, resulting in wastewater polluting the groundwater. Plans for 4 sewage treatment facilities were finalized in 2019 and documentation is ongoing for an additional eight collectors. The project will connect 35,000 city residents to the central sewage system. More than 20% of the city's water supply network is in need of major repairs. Water lines of 7.2 kilometers in length are under construction. Cost estimates have been drawn up and a budget application submitted for an additional 51 kilometers of water lines covering 20 city streets. Plans are in place to overhaul a 3.86- kilometer section of the Yangichek Canal. Metallurgical, energy, mining, mining exploratory, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries and construction are the principal sources of air pollution in Shymkent. Pollutant emissions by volume, kilotons - 2017–2019 Substance Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Suspended solid particulate Carbon monoxide 201 8 1,1 4 1,5 3,9 201 9 1,6 3,7 1,7 5,7 Pollutant emissions from stationary sources, kilotons - 2018–2019 2019 31,2 2018 33,4 Pollutant emissions from motor vehicle transportation, kilotons – 2018-2019 2019 50,6 2018 50,8 Air pollution levels, Shymkent - 2018-2019 2019 High 2018 Elevated No incidents of excessive or extremely excessive air pollution were recorded in the city. In 2019, the city purchased ~ 300 new Euro-5 compliant buses; in 2020, plans include the purchase of 500 buses running on compressed methane gas. 92% of Shymkent residents have access to natural gas. In 2019, funds were allocated for the implementation of two residential gas line projects. Surface water monitoring is conducted on the Badam River, which was rated as a 4th Class water resource, suitable only for irrigation and industrial use. Quality is affected by effluent discharges from residential areas located within the river's designated water protection zone and including car wash runoff and illegal household waste dumping. Shymkent residents with access to city water supply, aggregate - 2018-2019 2019 1 029 410 2018 940 230 The total oblast land area amounts to over 116,000 hectares. Category Agricultural land Residential land Land zoned for industrial, transport, communications, defense, and other non-agricultural purposes Protected nature preserves Forestland Surface water lands Undesignated Reserve Land 2018 62 613 37 612 6 265 171 4 330 1 520 3 769 2019 62 608 37 569 6 316 171 4 330 1 520 3 766 Distribution of land by category, thousands of hectares - 2018–2019 Permits issued for common mineral extraction - 2018-2019 2019 32 2018 38 In 2019, more than 28,000 deciduous and coniferous tree seedlings, 47,000 perennial shrubs, 56,600 perennial flowers, 939,500 annuals and lawns covering 7.2 hectares were planted throughout the city. For 2019-2023, plans are to increase seedling plantings by an additional 5.5 thousand trees. The city suffers from high air pollution. The Comprehensive Program for the Development of Bus Transportation for 2018-2020 is addressing the issue by purchasing 300 new Euro-5 category buses; further plans include the purchase of 500 additional buses running on LNG. A residential sector gasification project is ongoing. Solid household waste generation and processing – kilotons - 2018-2019 201 9 224 22,1 201 8 216 18,3 Volume of generated waste, kilotons Percentage of generated waste sorted & recycled In the city of Shymkent, 13 enterprises are active in waste management, with 95% of city residents served with household waste management services. There are two landfills in the city – one operational, one retired. Beginning in2017, a waste processing plant with a daily processing capacity of 600 tons has been in operation at the existing landfill. The As-Peak, LLP, Eco Shina, LLP, and sole proprietors Tuteev and E Uskenbaev accept wastepaper, plastic and tires for recycling. In 2019, ~ 122 spontaneous landfills were identified within Shymkent city limits. The city's Akimat and the Environmental Ministry have drawn up a timetable for their removal. The "Together for a Clean Kazakhstan" Campaign series of public clean-up days (“subbotniks”) collected 465 tons of garbage that was hauled to the landfill. On the territory of the city there are long-term accumulations of wastes from phosphorous and lead- mining, whose storage presents both an environmental and public health hazard. However, the waste is privately held, excluding the possibility of a clean-up of the territory. Results of soil testing for heavy metals, maximum concentrations, mg/kg - 2019 Metal Lead Copper Zinc Chromium Max. permissible concentration (MPC) 32 3 23 6 Maximum levels in samples 1 460 84 108 1,5 Annually, in spring and autumn, the city monitors soils for heavy metal concentrations. Environmental safeguards cost to business enterprises ( ) billions of Tenge Air Water L and resources Biodiversity Waste Renewable energy sources Radiation Environmental issues
This interactive report was created by the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the support of the European Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, and Zoï Environment Network.