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Motor transport of commercial and industrial freight ranks third in vehicle volume behind rail and pipeline transport in the country, producing a significant impact on the environment—a primary source of greenhouse gas emissions, ozone-depleting substances and long-term organic pollutants. The number of transport facilities in Kazakhstan is increasing annually, and most are outdated and potential sources of environmental hazard. Transport 2015 260 20 1 0 year 2017 2019 260 909 Number of registered vehicles by fuel type - 2018-2019 In 2019 , more than four million cars were registered in the country, most with gasoline engines. The largest concentrations of gasoline-burning cars were registered in the Almaty and Turkestan oblasts and (524,448) (432,192) separately in the city of Almaty . (458,726) In fulfillment of the 2019-2022 Action Plan to expand the use of vehicles running on natural gas, the government plans to purchase ~ 12,000 gas-fueled buses. - conditions developed for refreshing fleets of companies involved in domestic passenger/baggage auto transportation; - Finance production programs for natural gas-powered buses; - Sites designated for the construction of natural gas filling stations; - purchase incentives for natural gas-powered motor vehicles for citizens; - preparation of a project on natural gas-powered locomotives; To reduce vehicle emissions, an action plan for implementation in 2019-2022 calling for the promotion of the use of natural gas as motor vehicle fuel has been developed: - public sector development of support for domestic natural gas-powered vehicle production and natural gas-vehicle imports; - the potential for transitioning to natural gas-powered public service, special use, and official vehicles. In 2019 over 15,000 kilometers 3rd highest , Kazakhstan railways span – the total in CIS countries. Four freight carriers eight tankers by Kazmortransflot and operated on the Caspian Sea are engaged in international merchant trade transport. There are more than of navigable rivers in Kazakhstan on the 4,000 kilometers Yertis, Zhaiyk-Caspian and Ile-Balkhash . River watersheds 60 airlines operate in Kazakhstan- nine with access to European Union nations. Domestically, seven Kazakhstan-based airlines operate on 52 routes. Pipeline transport (7912 km) in Kazakhstan is comprised of oil and gas (12,269 km) delivery lines. Passenger Between 1991 and 2019, passenger traffic in the Republic of Kazakhstan quadrupled Passenger turnover, millions of passenger-kilometers - 2014–2019 Passenger turnover on Kazakhstan domestic air carriers, millions of passengers - 2017-2019 Road and urban electric transport account for 88% of all passenger traffic in the country. 88 % In 2019 22 million passengers , more than traveled by rail over . 118 routes Freight Traffic 2017 9 8 7 year 2018 2019 7,4 7,9 8,6 Road transport Rail transport Inland waterway transport 2014 2016 2018 1,2 0,4 1,2 0,7 0,7 0,6 217 372 223 086 237 556 240 587 247 931 18 317 17 084 18 165 19 241 18 510 22 000 Freight traffic, billion-ton kilometers (btk) - 2014–2019 2017 2018 2019 Railroad Motor vehicle and urban electric transportation Inland waterway transport 2014 2015 2016 206,3 262,1 223 166,1 185,2 173,5 0,02 0,03 0,014 216,5 189,8 188,2 155,7 161,9 163,3 0,03 0,03 0,02 In 2019 407 million tons , more than of cargo were transported by rail – of the country's nearly 70% total cargo turnover. In 2019 transported by , more than four million tons of cargo were sea three million tons ; in 2018, . In 2019 14 million tons , of cargo were moved by commercial transport; . The most in 2018, 1.3 million tons common cargoes being timber, crushed stone, gravel, sand, coal, social goods and seafood. To improve the overall environmental situation in the country, a developmental project to install electric charging stations that meet IEC 62196-2 and IEC 61851-1 global standards. 52 stations have already been installed in Nur-Sultan and Almaty.   To enhance environmental security in the Caspian Sea, Executive Order No. 578 was issued "On Approval of the Rules for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships". The order regulates technical procedures on sea vessels that may lead to pollutant releases into the sea, including refueling, washing cargo compartments, water filtration and polluted water discharges. In addition, Republic of Kazakhstan legislation “On Merchant Shipping” was amended, obligating vessel captains to inform the port administration about pollution encountered on Kazakhstan territorial waters, and incidents involving the vessel under their command that result in real or potential pollution hazards on the territorial waters of Kazakhstan. 2018 2019 3 643 558 total 86,9 % 3 732 350 total 85,8 % 280 375 total 6,7 % 306 751 total 7,1 % 11 317 total 6 % 10 750 total 6,8 % 249 755 total 0,3 % 294 503 total 0,3 % 6 337 total 0,2 % 6 880 total 0,2 % Gasoline Diesel LNG Mixed fuel Electric
This interactive report was created by the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the support of the European Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, and Zoï Environment Network.